英语句子结构剖析(60)(從句狀語賓語)
结构解析
本句为复合句,在句子主干为the company is ... claiming that...and that...,其中and连接了两个由that引导的宾语从句,为并列关系。在第一个宾语从句中,其主干为the 2002 agreement is invalid,because of the 2006 legislation为原因状语;第二个宾语从句的主干为 only the government has regulatory power,句末over nuclear issues做regulatory power的后置定语。
参考译文
如今,该公司突然宣布:根据2006年的法案,2002年的协议是无效的,并且声称只有联邦政府才对核问题具有监管权。
词汇指南
invalid [ɪnˈvælɪd , ˈɪnvəlɪd]adj. 无效的,(法律上或官方)不承认的
legislation[ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn]n. 法律,法规
regulatory [ˈreɡjələtəri]adj. (对工商业)具有监管权的,监管的
2、But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.
结构解析
本句为复合句,句子的主干是it is going riskily close to the implication,其中包含一个固定短语close to,表示“接近于,近乎于”。句首if引导条件状语从句,同时该从句中又嵌套了一个who引导的定语从句修饰students;句末that引导了一个人同位语从句,对implication进行补充说明。
参考译文
但如果该学区真的要让那些因为家庭复杂而没有完成家庭作业的学生通过的话,那么这就近乎冒险地暗示了对于贫困的孩子要降低标准。
词汇指南
district [ˈdɪstrɪkt]n. 地区,区域,行政区
essentially [ɪˈsenʃəli]adv. 本质上,根本上,基本上
complicated [ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd]adj. 复杂的,难懂的
implication [ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn]n. 暗示,暗含;(被)牵连,牵涉
3、As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.
结构解析
本句为复合句,句子的主干是controversies have erupted。句首为as引导的时间状语从句As this new science of habit has emerged,在此处as意为“随着”;when引导时间状语从句when the tactics...foods,该从句使用了被动语态,其中不定式短语to sell ... foods在从句中作目的状语。
参考译文
随着这一新的习惯科学的诞生,当这种策略被用于销售有问题的美容面霜或者不健康食物时,各种争议就爆发了。
词汇指南
emerge [iˈmɜːdʒ] v. 出现,浮现
controversy [ˈkɒntrəvɜːsi]n. 争论,辩论,论战
erupt [ɪˈrʌpt]v. 爆发,喷出,突然发出
tactics [ˈtæktɪks]n. 策略,手段,招数
questionable [ˈkwestʃənəbl]adj. 可疑的,有问题的,未必准确(或正确)的
cream [kriːm]n. 护肤霜,洁净剂,清洗液
4、Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running.
结构解析
本句的句子主干为the company has done…what…。其中what引导的宾语从句what it ... would not作done的宾语,该宾语从句的主语为it,谓语为had promised, it would not为had promised的宾语,其中省略了谓语动词do,原形为what it had long promised it would not(do)。冒号之后的challenge the…federal court为前面what引导的宾语从句的同位语,对其进行解释说明。句末as引导的方式状语修饰句子主干,不定式to keep ... plant running为a desperate effort的后置定语。
参考译文
相反,这家公司的所作所为恰恰是它长期以来承诺不会做的事情——在联邦法院质疑佛蒙特州的各项规定是否符合宪法,这是它为了继续运营佛蒙特扬基核电站而做的拼死努力的一部分。
词汇指南
constitutionality [ˌkɒnstɪˌtjuːʃəˈnæləti] n. 符合宪法
desperate [ˈdespərət]adj. 拼命的,孤注一掷的,铤而走险的;绝望的
5、In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.
结构解析
本句的主干为the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said…。句首的In a move…为整个句子的地点状语,状语中又包含一个由that引导的定语从句修饰move。it would use... patents为省略了引导词的宾语从句,作said 的宾语,该从句的主干是it would use a…case…,后面的不定式短语to conduct...patents作宾语从句的目的状语。
参考译文
在一个令知识产权律师们议论纷纷的议案中, 美国联邦巡回上诉法院声称将利用一个特别的案例对商业方法专利展开广泛的审查工作。
词汇指南
move [muːv]n. 议案
abuzz [əˈbʌz]adj. 议论纷纷的;喧闹的
intellectual-property 知识产权
conduct[kənˈdʌkt , ˈkɒndʌkt]v. 进行,组织,实施
circuit [ˈsɜːkɪt]n. 巡回,巡游;电路,线路
6、In short, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it,wanting to talk.
结构解析
本句的句子主干为the image is the stereotypical cartoon scene。That引导定语从句that best ... crisis修饰先行词the image;of a man...to talk是一个非常长的介词短语作cartoon scene的后置定语,在该介词短语中,a man sitting at the breakfast table...为动名词复合结构,其中又包含with独立主格结构with a newspaper held up in front of his face作伴随状语修饰sitting;while引导时间状语从句,句末现在分词短语wanting to talk作伴随状语修饰glares。
参考译文
简而言之,最能体现当前危机的是一幅老套的漫画中情景:一个男人坐在早餐桌旁,手里捧着一张报纸,而他的妻子则生气的盯着报纸背面,渴望交谈之情溢于言表。
词汇指南
stereotypical[ˌsteriəˈtɪpɪkl] adj. 老一套的,刻板化的,模式化的
hold up 举起;阻挡
7、Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of their work for them.
结构解析
本句为多重复合句,句子的主干是 Marketers have embraced the two-step flow。其后because 引导原因状语从句,在该从句中又嵌套着that引导的从句,作suggest的宾语,其主干为 those select people will do most of their work,those select指代 the influentials,其中if引导条件状语从句。
参考译文
营销人员非常欢迎这种两步传播理论,因为这意味着,他们只要找到并影响这些有影响力的人物,这些精心挑选出来的人物就会帮助他们完成剩下的大部分工作。
词汇指南
embrace [ɪmˈbreɪs]v. 欣然接受,赞同;拥抱;包含
select[sɪˈlekt]adj. 精选的,作为…精华的
8、Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston.
结构解析
本句为复合句,句子主干是 there were political leaders。句首 Besides 引导的介词短语作状语,其中 who 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 ministers;like John Winthrop是对 political leaders的举例,其后较长的名词结构 an educated gentleman...the Crown作John Winthrop的同位语,补充说明人物的身份,句末before he journeyed to Boston为before引导的时间状语从句。
参考译文
除了在 1692 年之后的十年间来到马塞诸塞教堂的90名左右学识渊博的牧师之外,还有像约翰•温斯洛普这样的政治领袖。在来波士顿之前,他是一位受过高等教育的绅士、律师,同时还是皇室的官员。
词汇指南
learned [lɜːnd , ˈlɜːnɪd] adj. 有学问的,知识渊博的,博学的
decade[ˈdekeɪd] n. 十年,十年期
9、More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.
结构解析
本句为复合句,句子的主干是the researchers discovered that...。其中 that 引导的从句作discovered的宾语。宾语从句中 despite 引出的介词短语作让步状语。句首为while引导的时间状语从句,其中“while + 分词短语”结构为省略结构,省略了主语和be动词,完整的句子应该是while the researchers were examining housing construction。
参考译文
最近,研究者在调查房屋建筑业时发现,尽管建筑行业的工作非常复杂,但是德克萨斯州休斯顿市的那些不识字、不会说英语的墨西哥工人却总能达到劳动生产率的最高标准。
词汇指南
illiterate[ɪ'lɪt(ə)rət]adj. 文盲的,不识字的,未受教育的
consistently[kən'sɪstəntli] adv. 始终如一地,一致地
10、Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
结构解析
本句为复合句,句子的主干是the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline,为典型的主系表结构。句首为介词短语作状语,其中that引导的定语从句that have taken place ...quarter - century修饰先行词changes。句末in the scope... arts coverage作定语修饰decline。
参考译文
在过去的25年间,发生在英文报纸上的所有变化中,影响最为深远的变化也许就是其艺术发布的范畴和严肃性呈现出不可避免的衰退趋势。
词汇指南
far-reaching['fɑ:'ri:tʃiŋ] adj. 深远的,广泛的
inexorable[ɪnˈeksərəbl] adj. 不可阻挡的,无法改变的
seriousness [ˈsɪəriəsnəs]n. 严肃,认真,严重
coverage['kʌv(ə)rɪdʒ]n. 发布,覆盖范围