太可爱了!原来宫中的“猫主子”们叫这些名字啊……(宮中主子名字)
其实,在明清时期,小猫小狗们就已经集万千宠爱于一身了。
《甄嬛传》中叶澜依的猫团绒
最近,中国历史第一档案馆展出了一件有关清宫猫犬的档案:
“清宫盛行豢养猫、犬等宠物,是后宫休闲娱乐方式之一。宫犬、宫猫每月有‘俸银’,由专人负责饮食与调教。此件两折册以黄绫缎套装,详细记载了道光朝宫内所养猫狗的名字及生辰年月。”
Cats and dogs have been long favored as pets since ancient time. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a file to record names of cats and dogs living in the royal palace.
清宫小猫名字有叫花果植物的:灵芝(precious),秋葵(okra),金橘(golden orange)。有以别的动物命名的:金虎(golden tiger),玉狮子(jade lion),喜豹(happy leopard)。还有拟人化的命名:俊姐(beauty),金哥(golden boy),金妞儿(golden girl)。
《甄嬛传》中皇后的猫“松子”
小狗的名字大多和花果植物有关:桃花 (peach blossom),玫瑰 (rose),栗子(chestnut)。
早在明代,紫禁城里便开始养猫,宫中的猫一代一代地繁殖,朝代更迭,它们依然生活在宫中。
故宫博物院成立后,工作人员观察发现,这些猫有不少是当年帝后嫔妃们所养猫的后代,便决定将它们留下来,并一一登记造册,还给它们取了名字。
During the Ming Dynasty, the Forbidden City set up a special institution for the registration and management of cats living in the imperial palace. According to staff working in the Palace Museum, there are still many cats now living in the grounds of the palace. Some of them may be descendants of cats owned by the imperial rulers, making these fancy felines royal blood.
从此这些猫便成了故宫的守护者。至今,故宫内尚有“御猫”百余只。
故宫里“御猫”的后代鲁班
据了解,宫中最开始养猫主要是害怕宫廷所存文档和物品遭老鼠啃咬,所以养猫以防鼠患。
此后深居后宫的嫔妃们为排遣寂寞,便以养猫为乐。后来连皇帝、公主也喜欢上养猫。
明代喜欢养猫的皇帝有明宣宗朱瞻基,他不但养猫,还喜欢画猫。
为了把爱猫画得栩栩如生,他令人到民间收集了上百只猫,养在后宫里,闲暇时便仔细观察猫的体态,揣摩猫的秉性,随后才颇具兴致地画猫。
In order to have vivid paintings of cats, emperor Zhu Zhanji ordered servants to collect hundreds of cats from the public and keep them in the palace. In his spare time, he would observe their posture and ponder over their personalities. Afterwards he began painting them with much interest.
朱瞻基绘《唐苑嬉春图》(局部)
而明世宗朱厚熜对猫的喜欢,则已达到“猫痴”的地步。
他有二十年不临朝,为了消遣,经常与爱猫玩耍,为此还专门设立了一个养猫机构——猫儿房,不但有专人伺候,还给猫封赠官衔。
As a cat lover, emperor Zhu Houcong even set up a special institute to keep cats—Cats' Room. Cats were not only taken care of by special people, but also given official titles.
清代乾隆皇帝也喜欢养猫,据传他在位60年,曾养过十几只御猫。其中一只是乾隆九年(1744年)一位意大利使者进贡的薮(sǒu)猫。
这只猫体形像一头小型猎豹,躯干和四肢修长,皮毛黄色且具黑斑,双目明亮,甚是有神。
乾隆皇帝格外青睐这只来自异域的动物,特意选了一只北宋汝窑烧制的青瓷莲花式温碗喂猫。为了让猫吃食方便,他还令人给这只碗配了一个紫檀木座。
It is said that emperor Qianlong kept a dozen cats. One of them was a serval cat presented as a tribute by an Italian envoy. It looked like a small smart cheetah. He loved it so much that he bestowed it a celadon bowl and a special holder for the bowl.
北宋汝窑青瓷莲花式温碗
慈禧太后也嗜好养猫,曾在紫禁城和颐和园里分别养了十几只名贵的猫。她不但给每只猫都起了名字,还指派几名宫女专职饲养。
慈禧太后时不时会将这些猫抱在怀里,检查它们的肥瘦和健康状况,以此赏罚饲养的宫女。
Empress Dowager Cixi assigned several maids to raise her cats full time. From time to time, she would hold the cats in her arms and check their weight and health. Maids would be rewarded or punished depending on the cats' states.
故宫的猫
不仅猫得到万千宠爱,狗的待遇也很好。
养狗是清代后妃休闲玩乐的重要方式之一,宫廷内设有养狗处,专门管理养狗的事务,狗的数量多达数百只。
晚清时慈禧太后酷爱玩狗,对狗宠爱备至,常常在出游时携爱犬数十只同行。
根据皇帝的喜好,还时常下旨为豢养的爱犬赐名、美容、订做衣服、绘制画像。
清 郎世宁 十骏犬图之“金翅猃(xiǎn)”
狗的用具豪华奢侈,宫中每年还会为宠物狗们制作大量狗衣。
绿色缎海棠菊花纹狗衣 图源:故宫博物院
当然,养在宫中的动物还有很多,毕竟珍禽异兽自古便是宫苑的一大特色,也正是这些萌宠天团,让历史记载中古人的形象丰满充盈起来。
你家的宠物叫什么名字呢?
编辑:左卓
实习编辑:李金昳
实习生:向静雅
来源:人民网 故宫博物院 《紫禁城》杂志 @永涛的视界 《如果故宫会说话》
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